@article { author = {akbary, mehry and sayad, vahideh}, title = {Analysis of climate change studies in Iran}, journal = {Physical Geography Research}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {37-74}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Tehran}, issn = {2008-630X}, eissn = {2423-7760}, doi = {10.22059/jphgr.2021.301111.1007528}, abstract = {Climate change refers to changes in the direction of the mean of climatic parameters over a long period of time. Changes in the limit values and averages of climatic parameters are important consequences of climate change. This is scientifically different from climate fluctuations. Climate fluctuations are periodic and the deviations of the climatic parameters indicate the average and can occur in different time periods, but climate change is a general and widespread fluctuation in the climate of a region; currently, global warming is seen as part of climate change. Attention to climate change in recent years has become increasingly important due to the economic, social, and financial consequences of weather events. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, human intervention in global climate change is undeniable, although some researchers still believe that some climate change is unknown and that the mere human impact of climate change should not be confirmed. But the challenge of climate change in recent decades is very different from climate change in recent decades, one is that human intervention in nature has increased and the other is the rapid pace of climate change that has made it difficult to adapt.Given that none of the research on climate change has comprehensively addressed this issue in Iran, it was necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the available resources, including the effect of climate change on hazards, hydrology, agriculture, urban and so on. Its effect is on the social and economic consequences that have taken place in Iran so far.This study was conducted using the library method and searching in authoritative scientific and research sources in relation to research on climate change in Iran and no data has been processed in it, so that the temporal and spatial changes of climate change over several The year has been studied and analyzed in Iran. It has also divided it into sub-sectors of agricultural climate, hydrology, urban, social and economic climate, and hazards based on studies conducted in various fields of climate change. First, keywords such as climate change and global warming were searched in reputable scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, SID, and the University of Tehran Library. In the next step, resources were categorized into separate study sections and different definitions of climate change. A variety of methods used to study climate change and the area under study were discussed, and finally the various conclusions were summarized and analyzed.Today, the phenomenon of climate change has attracted the attention of all researchers. Iran, as a region in the dry desert belt, has been strongly affected by the effects of climate change and therefore many studies have been conducted in various fields of climate change in Iran. The sequence is divided.The rise in border incidents in recent years has become a major concern for climatologists in recent years. The first effect of climate change is on atmospheric elements, especially temperature and precipitation. Therefore, it is important to investigate the changes in these variables in order to moderate the damage or adapt to the phenomenon of climate change.The World Water Organization emphasizes the need to research water resources, upsetting the balance of the climate system caused by rising greenhouse gases, and emphasizes the importance of studying the impact of climate change on hydrological parameters such as evaporation and transpiration. The country seems essential.One of the most important issues in the agricultural sector in recent decades, which has limited the production of crops, is climate change. This phenomenon changes the water resources of each region over time. It is essential to know the temporal and spatial fluctuations of meteorological parameters (such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc.) and its effect on the agricultural sector to manage water and agricultural resources and adopt appropriate strategies.Urbanization and urban development, along with population growth and the development of industrial activities and the wasteful consumption of fossil fuels, have greatly increased air pollution, with short-term and long-term disease exacerbating some climate fluctuations and environmental impacts, including changing time periods. Suitable in terms of comfort climate.In recent decades, the process of industrialization has accelerated dramatically. Population growth and the growing need for food have made the development of industries and factories inevitable, and this has made the phenomenon of climate change from a luxury issue a very serious one, at the forefront of negotiations between the leaders of large and small countries Is located.According to research conducted in Iran since the beginning of the global warming phenomenon, in general, the temperature is increasing and rainfall is decreasing despite high time and space variability. The temporal and spatial intervals of climate patterns have changed or their occurrence has been more or less than average. But extreme phenomena, such as drought, are more affected by climate change than others. This has weakened the Siberian low-pressure low and intensified the high-pressure side of the tropics. Although some studies have shown that rainfall increases in some areas, rising temperatures will increase evaporation and transpiration, and we will continue to face shortages of water resources in the future. As surface water levels drop and groundwater levels drop, dams will gradually lose their function, and the status of aquifers will shift from a critical state to a supercritical state, followed by the number and severity of events. Floods and droughts will increase. Increased evapotranspiration has increased the water needs of agricultural products. Although the length of the growing season has increased and the time of cultivation has changed, the effects of global warming and global warming have reduced crop yields. It has become a product, and food security, human health, and macroeconomics have been severely affected by water scarcity. In cities, too, climate change has increased air pollution, created a thermal island, and ultimately wiped out climate comfort. Climate change has also led to security and political disputes, mostly over water disputes. Regardless of the effects of climate on various projects, designers and experts are less successful in planning. A direct way to slow down global warming and climate change is to significantly reduce the use of fossil fuels and try to adapt to the effects of climate change, including increasing the intensity and frequency of droughts. Also, having knowledge and information plays an important role in the occurrence of protective and preventive behaviors against climate change. Finally, the results of evaluating climate change adaptation strategies based on social, economic and environmental indicators of water security show that in order to reduce system vulnerability in the coming period, while increasing economic water productivity in agriculture by increasing irrigation efficiency, agricultural activity will be reduced and compensated. Increase economic and social damage, service and industry activity.}, keywords = {Climate change",hazards",hydrology",agriculture",",urban"}, title_fa = {تحلیل مطالعات تغییر اقلیم در ایران}, abstract_fa = {مطالعات تغییر اقلیم به دو گروه مدل‏سازی تغییر اقلیم و پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم تقسیم می‏شود که در این پژوهش به مطالعة گروه دوم تحقیقات پرداخته شده است. بنابراین، در مرحلة اول موضوعات به چند دسته تقسیم شد که شامل اثر تغییر اقلیم بر وقوع مخاطرات محیطی، منابع آب، اقتصادی و کشاورزی است و همچنین اثر آن بر پیامدهای اجتماعی و سکونتگاهی که تاکنون در ایران انجام ‏شده است و نهایتا تحلیل این موضوعات. روش به‏کارگرفته‏شده در این مطالعه مطالعات کتابخانه‏ای و جست‏وجو در پایگاه‏های استنادی علمی مگیران، SID، و ScienceDirect بوده است. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، مرور منابع نشان داد، به نظر بیشتر پژوهشگران، مهم‏ترین پیامد پدیدة تغییر اقلیم در ایران افزایش فرین‏های جوی بوده که به‏طور کلی یا بازة زمانی- فضایی الگوهای آب‏وهوایی تغییر کرده است یا رخداد آن‏ها بیشتر یا کمتر از میانگین بوده است. اما بر اساس نتایج مطالعات مورد بررسی، پدیده‏های حدی مانند خشک‏سالی بیش از سایر پدیده‏ها تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم قرار گرفته‏اند. همچنین، تحقیقات نشان دادند که در ایران، به‏عنوان کشوری در حال توسعه، در مقایسه با اقتصادهای قدرتمند، تغییر اقلیم بیشتر به بروز مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی منجر شده است.}, keywords_fa = {Climate change",hazards",hydrology",agriculture",",urban"}, url = {https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_81101.html}, eprint = {https://jphgr.ut.ac.ir/article_81101_4f91af7b2c69970b3de70df640b38c8c.pdf} }